 Cambridge (anc. Cantabrigia) a city in
Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam, the seat of a major English university
organized as a federation of colleges; population (1991) 101,000.The first historical
trace of Cambridge as a University (studium generale) is in 1209; a number of scholars
migrated from Oxford to Cambridge in 1209~14 after a conflict with townsmen during which
two or three students were hanged. Its first recognition came in a royal writ to the
Chancellor of Cambridge in 1230.
 The first college,
Peterhouse, was founded in 1284 and another nine followed in the 14th and 15th centuries,
but the university did not achieve real eminence until the 16th century. Reformation when
it produced Tyndale, Coverdale, Cranmer, and Latimer. After a prolonged period of
stagnation, Cambridge was revived by its growth as a centre of scientific research in the
late 19th and early 20th century. Women's colleges were founded in the mid-19th century,
but women did not receive full academic status until 1948. Cambridge today also processes
agricultural produce, and has computer-based high-tech industries.
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